How Old is a Star

Astronomers have a few tools to study stars that let them figure out relative ages, such as looking at their temperatures and brightness. In general, reddish and orange stars are older and cooler, while blueish white stars are hotter and younger. Stars like the Sun can be considered middle-aged since their ages lie somewhere between their cool red elders and their hot younger siblings.  The general rule is that hotter and much more massive stars, such as the blueish stars show in this image, are likely to live shorter lives. But, what clues exist to tell astronomers how long those lives will be? This region of space contains very hot, young stars. How long they live and how they die tells a lot about the life cycles of stars across the cosmos. The very massive star R136a1 lies in this star-forming region in the Large Magellanic Cloud (a neighbor galaxy to the Milky Way). NASA/ESA/STScI Theres an extremely useful tool that astronomers can use to figure out ages of stars that ties directly into how old the star is. It uses the spin rate of a star (that is, how fast it spins on its axis). As it turns out, stellar spin rates slow down as stars age. That fact intrigued a research team at Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, led by astronomer Soren Meibom. They decided to construct a clock that can measure the stellar spins and thus determine the stars age. Why Is Knowing a Stars Age Important? Being able to tell the ages of stars is the basis for understanding how astronomical phenomena involving stars and their companions unfold over time. Knowing a stars age is important for many reasons having to do with star formation rates in galaxies  as well as the formation of planets.   Artists concept of a protoplanetary disk around a newly formed star. NASA Its also particularly relevant to the search for signs of alien life outside our solar system. It has taken a long time for life on Earth to attain the complexity we find today. With an accurate stellar clock, astronomers can identify stars with planets that are as old as our Sun or older. The Spin of a Star Tells the Tale A stars spin rate depends on its age because it slows down steadily with time, like a top spinning on a table slows down after a few minutes. A stars spin also depends on its mass. Astronomers have found that larger, heavier stars tend to spin faster than smaller, lighter ones. There is a close mathematical relationship between mass, spin, and age. Measure the first two, and its relatively easy to calculate the third. An artist impression of a white dwarf star in orbit with pulsar PSR J2222-0137. It may be the coolest and dimmest white dwarf ever identified. The spin rate of this star gives astronomers clues to its aging process. B. Saxton (NRAO/AUI/NSF) This method was first proposed in 2003, by astronomer Sydney Barnes of the Leibniz Institute for Physics in Germany. Its called gyrochronology from the Greek words gyros (rotation), chronos (time/age), and logos (study). For gyrochronology ages to be accurate and precise, astronomers must calibrate their new stellar clocks by measuring the spin periods of stars with both known ages and masses. Meibom and his colleagues previously studied a cluster of billion-year-old stars. This new study examines stars in the 2.5-billion-year-old cluster known as NGC 6819, thereby significantly extending the age range. To measure a stars spin is not an easy task. No one can tell just by looking at a star how fast its turning. So, astronomers look for changes in its brightness caused by dark spots on its surface—the stellar equivalent of sunspots. Those are part of the Suns normal activit and can be tracked just as starspots can. Unlike our Sun, however, a distant star is an unresolved point of light. So, astronomers cant directly see a sunspot cross the stellar disk. Instead, they watch for the star to dim slightly when a sunspot appears, and brighten again when the sunspot rotates out of view. These changes are very difficult to measure because a typical star dims by much less than 1 percent. And, time is an issue. For the Sun, it can take days for a sunspot to cross the stars face. The same is true of stars with starspots. Some scientists have gotten around that by using data from NASAs planet-hunting  Kepler spacecraft, which provided precise and continuous measurements of stellar brightnesses. One team examined more stars weighing 80 to 140 percent as much as the Sun. They were able to measure the spins of 30 stars with periods ranging from 4 to 23 days, compared to the present 26-day spin period of the Sun. The eight stars in NGC 6819 most similar to the Sun have an average spin period of 18.2 days, strongly implying that the Suns period was about that value when it was 2.5 billion years old (about 2 billion years ago). The team then evaluated several existing computer models that calculate the spin rates of stars, based on their masses and ages, and determined which model best matched their observations. Fast Facts Spin rate helps astronomers determine information about the age and evolution of a star.Researchers continually study spin rates to understand how different types of stars change through time.Our Sun, like other stars, spins on its axis.

Essay on No Blood Transfusion for Jehovahs Witnesses

Jehovahs witnesses’ faith allows them to seek medical help; however, they do not accept blood transfusions. This belief arises from a biblical passage that states Only flesh with its soul- its blood-you must not eat (Genesis 9:3-4), You must not eat the blood of any sort of flesh, because the soul of every sort of flesh is its blood. I will set my face against that person who eats blood...Anyone eating it will be cut off† (Leviticus 17:10, 13-14). These passages are interpreted by Jehovahs witnesses as forbidding the transfusion of any blood products. The following presentation will address legal and ethical issues that can arise from this scenario. Keywords: Jehovah’s Witness, blood transfusion, blood, faith. Administration†¦show more content†¦Jehovah’s Witnesses respect their religion and their beliefs and many strongly adhere to them because of the many consequences that they may face. Jehovah’s Witness believe that if they accept blood products, they will suffer severe consequences. Some of the consequences Jehovah’s Witness believe they will encounter include lack of spiritual purpose, relationship with God will be damaged and they will be expelled from their congregation (Jehovah’s Witnesses, 2000). Many parents face the worse decision when a child is involved. The following scenario explores the legal and ethical decisions involved with a pediatric patient. A six year old boy suffering from Sickle cell anemia is brought to the hospital with a crisis. During a sickle cell anemia crisis, red blood cells are damaged and they are unable to deliver oxygen to the body. The standard treatment is oxygen, hydration, blood replacements and exchange transfusion (Anita, 2006). The pediatric patient was admitted in critical condition and a blood transfusion is necessary. Parents stated they want to save their child and will accept any type of treatment except for blood products. Adults have the right to refuse any type of treatment including blood products. Nurses are there to support and advocate for the patient and to assist and support the patient when other methods of treatment are chosen. Parents with full custodyShow MoreRelatedNursing : The Protection, Promotion, And Optimization Of Health And Abilities1479 Words   |  6 Pageswouldn’t you want to get treated? In nursing school I learned that people have religious beliefs that sometimes prevents them from getting some type of medical help just like the Jehovah’s Witnesses. In this Reflective project I will concentrate on the medical issues of Jehovah’s Witnesses who refuse blood transfusions because of their religious beliefs and the affect it has on nurses whose jobs are to help, care, and save their patients lives. 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A Glimpse at Bernard Maybeck Architectural Works Free Essays

Just imagine looking at a full scale drawing? Well that was just one of Maybeck’s ways of studying his design. His works are blend of possibility and actuality and the reason why the blending of unrelated styles became a success in his works (Matthews, 2008). His love on experimenting designs is very much seen in his Buena Vista Way studio because it looks like a laboratory and at the same time a house. We will write a custom essay sample on A Glimpse at Bernard Maybeck Architectural Works or any similar topic only for you Order Now This visionary Architect and described as the Gothic man of the 20th Century believes that every architectural problem requires an original solution. He addresses the housing crisis during the World War 1 by making generic floor plans called small houses or the workers houses. Most of his house design works infused the garden with the house structure. He never uses one type of specifications for the finishes but leave it to his Clients to make the decision. However, most of his works are made up of wood and timber (see photo of a community hall on page 3) for which reason why some of his drawings did not came into reality because of the scarcity of lumber and failure on the part of the timber supplier. Design Studio Small House The gauge of success for a famous work is its revival when Bill Buchanan an architect whom he mentored enlivens his heritage in Oregon by adopting Maybeck standards for the design of 1000 dwellings on a steep hill on a 630 Acre land parcel near Harbor Hill. Bill Buchanan believes that his mentor ideas are still in proportion of meeting the requirements for affordable housing. Maybeck’s flexibility 80 years ago can now be answered by the existing technology when at the time of his mentor’s life is quite difficult to undertake for example, the inclusion of garden on rooftops which makes a plant difficult to tend and the bedroom oriented towards the sky when ninety years ago is inconvenient due to the lack of technology with regards to thermal protection for buildings. Keith Pepper Brooklyn city council member also believes in the potential of the revival of the famous Californian Architect by persuading that good designs are an economic potential (Week, 2000). Recently the Oregon’s Department of Transportation rerouted part of Highway 101 which will allow part of downtown to return to Maybeck’s original plan and provision of funding for the reconstruction of the design. How to cite A Glimpse at Bernard Maybeck Architectural Works, Papers

Atheism Essay Example For Students

Atheism Essay Important Notes:=================False virus warnings:Due to the special exe compression we are using in our products, some executablefiles in the WinACE package may trigger virus alerts with some antivirus programs. These tools will report different kinds of trojan or generic viruses. In this case, it is a false alarm as long as you downloaded WinACE from our site. If you downloaded your evaluation version of our product from another website,you should check the file length with the one given on our download page athttp://www.winace.com. Please inform the developer of your antivirus toolkit about this false alarmso that they can fix the detection routine in their next release. Language selection:-If you have accidentally installed WinACE with the wrong language setting, you canreselect the desired language by launching WinACE with the additional parameter PLfrom the command line: WINACE.EXE PL *ENTER*Technical requirements:WinAce requires version 4.71 (or higher) of the system file COMCTL32.DLL. This file is usually installed by default with Microsofts Internet Explorer4.x and Windows 98. You can obtain the latest version of this DLL at Microsofts website athttp://www.microsoft.com/msdownload/ieplatform/ie/comctrlx86.asp (approx. 400k). BibliographyMicrosoft Office for Windows 95Using Office Binders to Combine DocumentsIf you have a project that involves several different types of documents, for example, a cover letter written in Word, a financial statement prepared with Microsoft Excel, and a presentation in PowerPoint, it might be easier and more efficient to store the documents together in a Binder. Binders provide a very easy way to work on a document using the full capabilities of the application without removing the document from the Binder. The advantages to using Binders include:+ Each document stored in a Binder becomes a section in the Binder. You can open and save the Binder and the sections it contains as a single document, and you can print the Binder as a whole. You can apply styles and use spell checking in all the sections, set specific properties for the whole Binder such as page orientation, and route the entire Binder through electronic mail to coworkers. + You can organize Binder sections in whatever order you like, and you can apply continuous page numbering and headers and footers that run throughout. + A number of ready-to-use Binder templates are supplied with Microsoft Office. Use Binder templates to quickly create a consistent look for all the sections of a Binder. To locate the Binder templates, click New Binder (File menu) and then click the Binders tab. + If you create a Binder format that you want to use as the basis for more than one project, you can save it as a template. + You can easily reorganize sections in a Binder, and you can quickly add and remove Binder sections. Because Binders are designed to help you organize and manage related documents, some application features are unavailable while working within the Binder. For example, the Binder has a Status Bar to display information about the sections of the Binder, so the individual application Status Bars are turned off to avoid confusion. For example, since the Microsoft Excel AutoCalculate feature is on the Microsoft Excel Status Bar, it is unavailable inside the Binder. The following features must be used outside the Binder. To work outside the Binder, click View Outside (Section menu). To return the document to the Binder, drag it into the left pane of the Binder window. If the Binder window is not divided into left and right panes, click the button to the left of the File menu. + If you want to view a Binder section in Print Preview, open the section outside the Binder. .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c , .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c .postImageUrl , .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c , .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c:hover , .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c:visited , .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c:active { border:0!important; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c:active , .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2da3f6f8d5b66668a319052b9c30aa1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Academic Qualification Ensures Success in Life Essay+ The PowerPoint status bar does not display when a PowerPoint document is a section in a Binder. If you want to display the PowerPoint status bar, open the PowerPoint section outside the Binder. + If you want to use the Microsoft Excel AlwaysCalc feature, shared lists, or templates, work with the section outside the Binder. + When working in a Microsoft Excel section, the changes you make to the screen view (View tab, Options command, Tools menu) will not be saved when you save the Binder. + You can run macros in Binder however, you must edit macros outside the Binder. To do this, click the section that contains the macro, click View Outside (Section menu), and then edit the macro in the application in which you created it. To return the document to the Binder, click Save And Update All and then click Close And Return To . + If you notice that some of the customized toolbars, macros, or AutoText entries in your Word document are not working in a Binder, simply copy the template they are stored in, which is attached to the document, to the folder with the Binder.

all the pretty horses Essays (1144 words) - The Border Trilogy

Part 1: Pages 1-96 Chapter 1 I Like westerns a lot and while I read the first chapter of All the Pretty horses It felt like I was getting pulled right into the western action that was happening in the story. To me in a classic Western novel is set on a ranch that depends on different scenarios. Some examples would be overbearing fathers, servile mothers, and father- son conflicts over the fate of who is going to run the ranch, sibling rivalries, the complication of a wealthy buyer or corrupt sheriff trying to take over. This novel abandons all of these examples. John Grady is the first main character you meet who is an only child. His father is powerless and helpless. Grady's mother owns the ranch, decides what happens to it, as well as prevents all family conflict when she casually dismisses John from running the ranch. For the first time in a western novel that I have read that is the first time I heard that a boy could not be a cowboy. John Grady is a cowboy and always will be one that looks for a story to ad d to his life, just as any character looks for a novel to be apart. McCarthy?s perspective switches 3 times just alone in chapter one from Grady's lack of control over to the fate of the ranch to finally his assumption of control over his own fate. Often, characters are revealed not in an omniscient narrator's description or a character's explanation of a decision, but in the decision itself. For instance, John?s rite of passage is found not in his precocious desire to run the ranch, rather than his decision to leave it. A Western novel to me usually relies on impending conflict such as the anticipated showdown between the lawful and the lawless, the hero's race against time to save somebody or at the very least that "something bad is going to happen" feeling that prevents either the characters or the reader from getting too comfortable while reading. No one seems to have that feeling so far except for John whose character starts to change. If Grady is unsure and uncertain about som ething he starts to question. The change can be noticed in the dialogue between initial encounters with Blevins and other characters. Part 2: pages 97-151 Chapter 2 Chapter Two begins with Rawlins journey to Mexico, leisurely and blissfully recounting the exploits on Rocha's ranch. Grady and Rawlins fit all the criteria of a sacrificial victim - outsiders to a community, presumptuous in their desires to become members of the society, free from family attachments that would revenge a crime against them, and invested with the belief that the dangerous and vacuous belief as McCarthy puts it into that members of two communities can merge harmoniously together. John Grady and Rawlin must evolve from hero to victim in chapter 2. In his innocuous first exchange with Rocha, he fails to notice how the ranch-owner, sitting like a comic-book villain amidst the shadows, blindly ascribing him a character. It is clear that Rocha has been filling in the outlines of their persona all along. And the creepy questions return to remind us that Rocha consciously believes he has the Americans figured out and maybe unconsciously their fates as well Part 1: Pages 153-217 Chapter 3 In chapter 3 the characters lose their innocence by encountering violence and bloodshed. As the most fundamental trial of their souls John and Rawlin?s characters must cling to their spirit when freedom, serenity, idealism is turned to fear, atrocity, and evil. This crisis is inevitable, But death is not. As we watch John and Rawlins crawl from terror and darkness, we see McCarthy's most valued theme illuminated which is ?the heart of a person, indeed the life of a person, is revealed not only in their search for peace and fulfillment, but also in their realization that both are fleeting and the understanding that neither are innate.? In a classic Western, the third part is usually has the climactic showdown between good and evil. Motivated by a tangible prize, this culminating battle ends with the hero displaying his wit, brawn, and tenacity and either destroying or banishing

Japanese versus American Innovation Strategies essays

Japanese versus American Innovation Strategies essays Both Japanese and American firms have capitalized upon the use of innovative forms of technology and have changed the way the world does business. This is embodied in the creation of the wildly popular Toyota Prius as well as the ubiquity of Microsoft Windows on almost every computer screen around the world. However, although examples of successful American and Japanese firms are easy to find, both countries have radically different corporate cultures. America has a business culture of entrepreneurship and individually-generated innovation, while Japanese stresses the value of having stable corporate institutions that hone talent in a collaborative fashion. Americas core innovative advantage is in deploying entrepreneurship funded through the strategic use of venture capital. Entrepreneurs profit by taking risks like Bill Gates, who made the decision to drop out of Harvard and begin a company in his garage, the company that became Microsoft. But Japanese companies, like Toyota, stress continuous improvement-creating a bureaucratic system that sets benchmarks, and then tries to improve upon those benchmarks and eliminate defects. The American dream is to start ones own business, and to be independent of a corporate clock and a boss in a grey flannel suit. The Japanese dream to get into an elite university, and to use that degree to become part of a great company for the duration of ones working life. American companies, to make things better, stress radical innovation, redefining the market, and developing new technology to create efficiency. In contrast, Japanese companies emphasize evolution, and using teams and workgroups to create innovative solutions that generate value for the company and the consumer. Rather than creating completely new technology, Japan has often radically improved upon existing technology, such as Japans improvement of the American automobile industrys manufactur...

FILM Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

FILM - Movie Review Example They derived pleasure in living amongst themselves without interacting with outsiders. Children who were curious and asked endless questions about life beyond theirs, their parent made them belief that no life existed beyond margins of the community. No one ever left the Dinka society out of curiosity to verify the truth (Deng 75). Dinka children went through informal system of education. It was the responsibility of their parents to instill communal values in them. Parents taught the children to be strong, independent members of the community. At a tender age of six to five years, they had to learn cattle grazing and other related activities like milking. Livestock herding was the main source of livelihood. In addition, the community instilled in the children moral values through singing games. Strength, courage and prowess in fighting were valuable assets. These qualities made someone a warrior. After that, they married and later become village elder. Their lives revolved around this same circle. This is the traditional system of education. Although formal education existed around them through the missionaries, they did not regard western education as useful and applicable in their lives. In fact, it is only weak children who did not take care of the cattle that got admitted to formal schools, because they w ere not resourceful to the community. Apart from the weaklings, paramount chiefs and Christianized families admitted their children to schools too. However, everything came to an abrupt halt after war broke up in1987. Most of the Dinka children became homeless after forceful and tragic separation from their families. Young boys trekked for days to refugee camps in Ethiopia (Bixler 36). At the refugee camps, the young boys were subject to hard labor like cutting wood to build their shelter. In addition, they had no cattle to look after. Education became a privilege at the camps. The other boys envied the few

Managing Expectations in Business and Personal Life Essay

Managing Expectations in Business and Personal Life - Essay Example Keeping a balance between personal and professional life is extremely difficult. Both business/professional life and personal life are filled with immense stress in the current world because of the increased commitments of people towards, their family, profession and society. Managing expectations in personal professional life are extremely difficult because of these commitments. This paper briefly explains the management of expectations in personal and professional life. At the center of every influential person and organization is the effective management of expectations (Cacace MBA, PMP, p.18). A professional always have a dual life; personal and professional. In fact a profession is required by an individual for making his/her personal life enjoyable. So it is not wise for a person to concentrate heavily on professional life by neglecting the needs of personal life. For example, most of the working women try to keep their babies in daycare centers even at a much younger stage when the infant badly in need of the mothers care and love, in order to fulfill their professional commitments. Such habits will destroy the physical and mental development of the child for who they work. In other words, they are trying to provide a better life to their children at one side while destroying their life on the other side. They must try to keep a balance between these two sides by taking as much as break from the profession when their children are badly in need of their presence, love and care. When your intentions are not in perfect alignment with expectations, and expectations are not in sync with requirements and objectives; you are putting too much faith in luck and relinquishing control to chaos (Cacace MBA, PMP, p.18). Expectations should be realistic and objective based. Expectations and requirements should have synchronization. There is no point in expecting a trip to sun as it is unrealistic. Also, it is not logical for an uneducated person to expect

How does modern technology affect socialization for worse Annotated Bibliography

How does modern technology affect socialization for worse - Annotated Bibliography Example This article is from the center for educational research and innovation looking for the impact that technology has in the society. The aim is to establish the attributes that affect the young learners based on the introduction of technology in schools. It understands that the best way of dealing with such attributes is by understanding that the policies in the educational sector require updating to keep students in the right frame of mind when dealing with schoolwork. This article is crucial in establishing whether the introduction of technology in school impacts kids negatively and how policies could assist in making the society better. The changes are examined while the emerging responses will be weighed to check on the impact this has on the society as a whole. The article approaches the aspect of technology evolution from both a positive and negative direction. The aim is to examine the main attributes that redefine the growing need for an understanding of the impact that technology has in the society. Many people assume that the innovations are all good, yet the demerits warrant some examination to shield the children from missing the benefits of socialization. The article will be a good addition to the topic of discussion because it will open up the need to examine what innovations do to the society and how the increasing need to compile this in the digital dictionaries is affecting the way children converse. It is becoming a common practice to find children using short codes such as lol for laughing out loud, and this can affect their conversations in the future or determine the new way they socialize. The author notes that the inclusion of technology in learning has been a viable and inexpensive solution to many of the developed countries. This means that more schools are adapting these mechanisms in their

Visiting Marrakesh, Morocco †The Red City

Visiting Marrakesh, Morocco – The Red City Marrakesh – The Red City As-salam alaykom! (Hello in Arabic) Marrakesh is the third largest city of Morocco and is situated at the foot of the Atlas Mountains. It is the most important of the four imperial cities of Morocco and has a rich history. A city of palaces, tombs, markets and myriad entertainments, Marrakesh is a treat for the senses. It is easy to get lost in its many alleys and markets, and the action packed Djemaa El-Fna square at the city center is enough to keep you occupied and intrigued for an entire day. The modern half of the city, Gueliz is a contrast and offers a getaway from the hustle and bustle of the Old Town. Visiting Marrakesh is an exhilarating experience that is sure to leave a lasting imprint on all travelers, who will return impressed with its beautiful architecture and unique culture. Best Season to Visit Marrakesh Marrakesh, with its sunny weather presents itself as a year round destination. However spring (March to May) and autumn (October to November) are the best months to explore this city, with lower temperatures and lesser crowds. The Easter Weekend is an exception and crowds throng the city as a getaway from their hectic schedules. While early summer can still be pleasant enough, the later months (July to September) can be unbearable if you are not used to the heat. In spite of this, summer is the peak tourist season and prices for everything skyrocket during this time. Many festive events are held during summer. Winter (December to February) brings along sunny days and cold nights, and there is snowfall in the nearby Atlas Mountains. Tourists visiting around this time can take off to the ski resorts in the mountains and enjoy the snow. Highlights (Special Things to Do in Marrakesh) Visit the La Mamounia for a buffet lunch by the poolside and be floored by the splendor and glamour of this spectacular hotel. Go back in history and view artifacts from the past at the Dar Si Said Museum that includes exquisitely carved cedar wood pieces that have been rescued from the ruins and monuments in the city. Soak in the pungent and medieval experience of Marrakesh by visiting the Tannery District and watch the tanners at work as they cure the animal hides with foul-smelling liquids that transform them into finished leather products ready for sale. Head to a luxury bath at one of the many Hammams for an authentic Moroccan experience of luxury and indulgence For a belly dancing performance, head to the Comptoir Darna, the first lounge dining restaurant in Marrakesh. Beautiful ambience, great food and wonderful performances make it a perfect place to soak in the true feel of Morocco. Immerse yourself into street food at the Djemaa El-Fna and feast on the many exotic varieties of meat available at the various counters. Indulge in some souvenir shopping and visit the traditional markets known as Souks that sell everything from handicrafts to antiques, spices to ornaments, carpets, cashmere and even items made of â€Å"cactus silk†! Head out on a city break to the nearby sand dunes of Erg Chegaga or Erg Chebbi for an exotic camel ride and desert safari. Ski in the snow in the nearby ski resort of Oukaimeden, situated in the Atlas Mountains where snowfall occurs in the winter months. Attractions in Marrakesh Medina: Djeema El-Fna: Originally a place of public executions (back in AD 1050), this is the main public square of Marrakesh. Filled with snake charmers and medicine men during the day, the square really comes alive as the day ends. Musicians, story tellers and entertainers fill up the square and the open air acts begin as a visual treat. Hundreds of food stalls also line up to provide exotic, hot, mouth-watering delicacies. Koutoubia Mosque: The mosque is made of red sandstone and is the largest in the city. It is most famous for its minaret, built in Almohad style and rising to a height of 70m. The minaret was an inspiration for many later towers including the La Giralda in Seville, Spain. Non-Muslims are not allowed inside, but a walk around its periphery may be enough to marvel at this masterpiece. El Badi Palace: Largely in ruins, this impressive palace was built in the 15th century and its name translates into â€Å"The Incomparable Palace† in English. It is easy to imagine the grandeur and luxurious lifestyle of its royal inhabitants as you walk through the large pavilions, sunken gardens and abandoned pools. El Bahia Palace: Built in the late 19th century, this grand building is a great example of Eastern Architecture. Lavish decorations and beautifully landscaped gardens are reasons enough to visit this palace. Almoravid Koubba: Considered to be the oldest building in the city, it is also the only surviving monument from the Almoravid era. Bab Agnaou: It is one among the 19 gates that serve as entry and exit points to the Medina and was constructed in the 12th century. Ben Youssef Madrassa: One of the largest madrassas in North Africa, it is home to some very beautiful artwork. Saadian Tombs: The tombs were constructed to hold the graves of the Sultan Ahmed Al-Mansur who reigned in the 15th century, and his family. Lavishly built with Italian marble, cedar woodwork and intricate decorations and carvings, the tombs are sure to inspire awe among the visitors. Gueliz: Majorelle Garden: This delightful garden is worth a visit for the extensive use of the Majorelle Blue colored walls and ponds, as well as the many colorful fountains and large variety of cacti that are found within it. Spread over 12 acres, it offers a respite from the heat of the city. Menara: Menara Gardens: Situated near the outskirts of Marrakesh at the foot of the Atlas Mountains, The gardens are spread across orchards and olive groves with a pavilion and a lake in the center. The snowcapped Atlas Mountains form a great backdrop to the beautiful gardens. Shopping in Marrakesh Shopping in Marrakesh can be an assault on your senses, as you take in the colors, the atmosphere and the vibrancy of the markets. Almost all shopping in Marrakesh needs to done in the traditional markets that are called Souks and it is possible to find anything- yes, anything, in the narrow lanes of the souks that you navigate, as you move from one shop to the next. The Souk Semmarine is the main lane that runs from the Djemaa El-Fna to the Ben Youssef Mosque and is flanked by a never ending array of souks that sell a wide variety of products. If it is spices that you are interested in, visit the Rahba Kedima (Spice Square) that has stalls selling a plethora of spices from saffron to cumin, cinnamon to mace and even Argan oil that is almost exclusively produced in Morocco. A number of stalls selling herbal remedies, cosmetics, essential oils are also to be found. For shoes and footwear, look no further than the Souk Smata, where brightly colored Moroccan slippers are a must-buy. Other leather items can be found at the Souk el Kebir and Souk Cherratin that specialize in camel leather goods like belts, wallets and purses. Visit Souk el Attarin if it is fragrances and perfumes that you are looking for. Souk Zrabia is the place to be if Berber carpets interests you, and for clothing and fabrics, stroll through the Souk Larzal and Souk des Teinturiers markets. How to reach Marrakesh Marrakesh is well connected to many European cities due to its popularity with the European tourists. The Marrakesh-Menara International Airport has direct flights that connect the city with destinations like Paris, London, Stockholm and Madrid, to name a few. Those flying in from North America, Asia and elsewhere will need to change flights at Casablanca. The airport is located at a distance 5km from the city and there are air conditioned buses plying every 30 minutes between the airport and the city. Marrakesh is also connected by train service to other major cities of Morocco. There are regular trains connecting Marrakesh with Casablanca and Rabat. Night trains are also available with sleeper cars for farther off destinations like Tangiers. A number of long distance bus services are also available for those wishing to take the roadways to travel between the Moroccan cities. How to get around in Marrakesh Marrakesh has a good bus service that can get you anywhere within the city. The Medina is small enough that everything can be covered on foot, although an umbrella is necessary to protect you from the sun. Taxis and horse drawn carriages are also available to explore the city. The Bus service is quite good and covers all parts of the city that tourists will want to visit. Most buses stop at Djemaa El-Fna in the Old Town and Place Youssef Ben Tachfine in the New Town. Fares are dependent on the distance, but most of the time you will be paying between 2-5dh. Airport buses run at frequencies of 30 minutes from early morning until 9:30 in the night. An Open Topped Sightseeing Bus is available that will take you around the city with headphones to provide commentary on the various tourist locations. You can get down anywhere to explore the location at your leisure and then board another bus to continue. Tickets are valid for 24 hours and cost 145 Dh. An alternate way to get around the city is the small horse-drawn carriages called Caleche. It is better to negotiate on a price before getting onto them. The Caleche offers a romantic way to explore the city. Taxis are generally not to be preferred, since they will try to rip you off with high charges for getting you to the destination. Some may even try to charge you for the bags that you are carrying. If getting into one, always ask them to use the meter. Petit taxis are smaller taxis that accommodate 3 passengers and can be boarded on a sharing basis. If you are inside the Medina, Walking is the best way to cover all the destinations. All places are quite nearby and easily findable by directions from the locals or by using GPS. Top Areas of Marrakesh Medina: The Medina is the older, historic part of the city and is centered on the main square, Djeema El-Fna. A lot of the stay options in this district consist of the Riads, which are basically furnished Moroccan houses with a courtyard. Gueliz: This is the modern, European half of Marrakesh that is characterized by upmarket restaurants, cafes and luxury boutiques. Hivernage: Situated quite close by to the Medina, the Hivernage Quarter is a quiet, residential part of the town characterized by broad, tree-lined avenues, rooftop restaurants and luxury hotels. Palmeraie: The Palm grove Quarter is an oasis situated outside of the city. A few luxury resorts are available here. Agdal: An area of recent development, it is situated outside of the city and is being built as a major hub for further expansion of the city. A number of shopping arcades and expensive hotels are coming up in this locality. Shukran! (Thank you in Arabic)

The Effects of Wishes :: essays research papers

Throughout history people have been mislead to believe that happiness can only be found through achieving what you think you want. For example, it is rare to read a fairy tale that doesn’t involve a hero obtaining his goals and living happily ever after with the one he loves. Few authors have dared to write about the reality of life in fear that the response from audiences who are used to happy endings would be negative. Charles Dickens and James Hilton are two authors that took that chance and each produced a novel that did not necessarily have a happy ending. Charles Dickens illustrates in his book, Great Expectations, and James Hilton presents in his novel, Lost Horizon, that life is full of surprises, and happiness is not always found in the things we think we want.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The hero in each of these novels is on a quest for happiness. Pip, from Great Expectations, believes that if he were to become a gentleman he would be content with his life. On the contrary, Conway in Lost Horizon is searching for peace of mind and where he can think without disturbance. Each character’s quest brings them to the realization that there are consequences for every action, and obtaining your goals is difficult when enduring the obstacles of life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main objective of Pip and Conway’s quests is to obtain a talisman. Dicken’s Pip is looking for materialistic items such as money, while Hilton’s Conway is looking for knowledge that can last you a lifetime. Though both characters end up achieving their own talisman, it proved to not be the only key for happiness as expected.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the quest for the each talisman, a mentor guided each of the heroes. In Great Expectations, his benefactor, Magwitch, guides Pip during his quest by providing him with money when needed. The High Lama enlightened Conway with knowledge and gave him guidance, in Lost Horizon, therefore filling the position of a mentor towards him. Both mentors fulfilled the main characters with their talismans, but it was up to the heroes to determine what was best for their life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The settings in the novels were different and therefore affected the main characters in various ways. The setting for Great Expectations was nineteenth century England where money was a major part of society. Pip felt obligated to obtain money in order to marry and live an exceptional life.